What are 5 causes of TB?

What is the most common cause of TB?

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.

What are the 3 types of tuberculosis?

How does TB start in the body?

The process of becoming infected with TB begins when inhaled TB bacteria, also known as tubercle bacilli, begin to multiply in the small air sacs of the lungs. Some TB bacteria then enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body.

What are the 4 stages of TB?

There are 3 stages of TB—exposure, latent, and active disease. A TB skin test or a TB blood test can diagnose the disease. Treatment exactly as recommended is necessary to cure the disease and prevent its spread to other people.

Tuberculosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

How long does TB stay with you?

Most people with TB disease will need to take TB medicine for at least 6 months to be cured. Who is at risk for developing TB Disease? Those with medical conditions that weaken the immune system including: HIV infection.

Who is at high risk for TB?

Persons who have been Recently Infected with TB Bacteria

Persons who have immigrated from areas of the world with high rates of TB. Children less than 5 years of age who have a positive TB test. Groups with high rates of TB transmission, such as homeless persons, injection drug users, and persons with HIV infection.

How do you feel when you have TB?

The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood. Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected.

Is it safe to be around someone with TB?

It is important to know that a person who is exposed to TB bacteria is not able to spread the bacteria to other people right away. Only persons with active TB disease can spread TB bacteria to others. Before you would be able to spread TB to others, you would have to breathe in TB bacteria and become infected.

What organ is affected first by TB?

TB mainly affects the lungs. However, it can affect any part of the body, including the glands, bones and nervous system.

What happens if I test positive for TB?

A “positive” TB blood test result means you probably have TB germs in your body. Most people with a positive TB blood test have latent TB infection. To be sure, your doctor will examine you and do a chest x-ray. You may need other tests to see if you have latent TB infection or active TB disease.

Is TB permanent or temporary?

Tuberculosis is curable and preventable.

Which type of TB is not curable?

Extensively Drug-resistant TB (XDR TB)

Because XDR TB is resistant to the most potent TB drugs, patients are left with treatment options that are much less effective. XDR TB is of special concern for people with HIV infection or other conditions that can weaken the immune system.

Who is the most common victim of TB?

Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. Over 80% of cases and deaths are in low- and middle-income countries. People who are infected with HIV are 16 times more likely to develop active TB (see TB and HIV section below).

Where does TB spread the most?

TB disease in the lungs or throat can be infectious. This means that the bacteria can spread to other people. TB in other parts of the body, such as the kidney or spine, is usually not infectious. People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people they spend time with every day.

How contagious is TB?

It is very important to remember that only someone with active TB disease in the lungs can spread the germ. People with TB infection are not contagious, do not have any symptoms, and do not put their family, friends and co-workers at risk.

Do you have to quarantine if you have TB?

Note: Home isolation is recommended for the initial three to five days of appropriate four-drug TB treatment.

Should someone with TB quarantine?

Remain in your home and out of contact with the public (you may be outdoors at home) until the Public Health Nurse tells you that you are no longer contagious. You cannot go in public or have visitors. You can go to your TB healthcare appointments. You will be provided a mask for these appointments.

Should people with TB quarantine?

Individuals who are latently infected with TB pose no risk of transmission; therefore, quarantine is not an appropriate disease control measure for TB.

Is TB a wet or dry cough?

Cough lasting more than three weeks is often a first symptom of active tuberculosis (TB). It can start as a dry irritating cough. It tends to continue for months and get worse. In time the cough produces a lot of phlegm (sputum), which may be bloodstained.

What does a tuberculosis cough sound like?

A cough with a brassy timbre, for example, has been found to be such a strong characteristic of lymphoid gland tuberculosis that it may suffice as a diagnosis tool in itself (Korpáš et al 1996).

How can you tell if someone has active TB?

First you will be given either a skin test or the new blood test. A positive skin or blood test means TB germs are in your body— Latent TB Infection. If you have a positive test, you will need a chest x-ray to find out if the germs have caused any damage in your lungs—Active TB Disease.

How do you prevent getting tuberculosis?

The BCG vaccination

The BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a live vaccine against tuberculosis. The vaccine is prepared from a strain of the weakened bovine tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis. The BCG is currently the only licensed vaccine against TB, and has been in use since 1921.

Is TB a risk for Covid?

COVID-19 and TB share some common clinical features. Exposure to both can occur simultaneously, and the presence of comorbidities can result in poor outcomes for both diseases. A positive test result for COVID-19 does not rule out the presence of TB disease, particularly in high TB burden settings.

Can you live a normal life after TB?

While tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease, it's also very treatable. The best way to avoid complications from the disease is to take medications regularly and complete the full course as prescribed. In the United States, people with TB can live a normal life, both during and after treatment.