What is a British off route mine?

Off-route mines are designed to be effective when detonated next to a vehicle instead of underneath the vehicle. They are useful in cases where the ground or surface is not suitable for burying or concealing a mine.

What is an off-route mine?

Off-route mines, also known as horizontal action mines, are designed to fire an explosively formed projectile into the side of the target vehicle. They are used as ambush mines or where the ground or road surface is not suitable for burying or concealing a mine.

What are the three basic types of landmines?

There are three basic types of fragmentation AP mines: stake mines, directional fragmentation mines and bounding fragmentation mines. Box shaped AP mine. Similar mines can be found all over the world.

What is the L14A1 off-route mine?

The MIACAH F1 (Mine antichar à action horizontale F1, L14A1 in British service) is a French off-route anti-tank mine. It uses a large Misznay–Schardin effect warhead to project a powerful self forging fragment capable of penetrating 70 millimetres of armour at a maximal range of 80 metres.

What happens if you step on an anti-tank mine?

An anti-tank mine usually requires a substantial amount of pressure to be applied in order to explode. It requires about 180 Kg of the weight for its detonation. This means that anti-tank mines are not normally capable of being detonated by a person standing on them.

Cold War Weapons: The Off Route Mine

Can a human detonate an anti-tank mine?

Anti-tank mines are very similar to their anti-personnel cousins, but are much larger. These mines are pressure activated, but are typically designed so that the footstep of a person won't detonate them.

Can you survive anti-tank mine?

In most cases occupants survived anti-tank mine detonations with only minor injuries. The vehicles themselves could often be repaired by replacing the wheels or some drive train components that were designed to be modular and replaceable for exactly this reason.

How do sea mines get set off?

Triggers can be set off by contact with the mine, detection of magnetic material, sound traveling through the water or pressure changes in the water to name only a few. Some may be tethered to or placed on the sea floor, while others float freely or are tethered to other mines in various configurations.

How do sea mines go off?

These mines are triggered by the influence of a ship or submarine, rather than direct contact. Such mines incorporate electronic sensors designed to detect the presence of a vessel and detonate when it comes within the blast range of the warhead.

Are there still mine fields?

It is estimated that there are 110 million land mines in the ground right now. An equal amount is in stockpiles waiting to be planted or destroyed.

How deep are landmines buried?

Landmines are generally buried 6 inches (15 centimeters) under the surface or simply laid above ground. Buried landmines can remain active for more than 50 years. Landmines come in two categories, anti-personnel landmines and anti-tank landmines.

What land has the most landmines?

With an estimated 30 million mines strewn in at least 18 countries, Africa is the continent most severely affected by the large scale sowing of landmines . The most critical situations are found in Angola with more than 9 million mines, in Mozambique with up to 2 million and in Somalia with I million.

Are landmines legal to own?

Anti-personnel landmines are prohibited under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (or Mine Ban Convention), adopted in 1997. More than 150 countries have joined this treaty.

What are German parm off-route mines?

The PARM 1 (DM-12) and PARM 2 (DM-22) are German off-route mines that fire small fin stabilized rockets. PARM stands for PanzerAbwehrRichtMine, anti-tank directional mine. 1600 DM-22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.

What is a British Mark 7 anti-tank mine?

The Mk 7 mine was a circular British anti-tank blast mine. It replaced the World War 2-era Mk 5 mine, and has in turn been replaced by the L9 bar mine. The Mk 7 can be laid either by hand or from a mechanical mine layer. The mine is conventional in design.

Who owns an abandoned mine?

The fee simple or actual ownership of the land resides with the federal government. If the claim is abandoned, then all of the property rights revert to the federal government. However, a patented claim exists when the claimant buys the fee simple interest from the federal government.

Does the US have sea mines?

Sea mines have been used by the U.S. Navy since the Revolutionary War. Mines have been used with significant effect in the Civil War and both World Wars. The most effective use of mines by the United States was against the Japanese Empire in World War II.

Are there any underwater mines left?

Not really. The Navy removed a large quantity of floating mines from the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, but few if any since then. Although the known mine danger areas in the Gulf have been swept extensively, lookouts on warships are still trained to spot floating mines, just in case.

Why is mining at sea not pursued?

The high cost, difficulty and risks associated with conducting mining operations at depths of around a mile beneath the surface of the ocean have been barriers to pursuing deep-sea mining.

Can fish detonate sea mines?

Mines aren't built to detonate when disturbed by marine life, but rather by large, heavy ships. If natural underwater creatures could detonate a mine, the mine would explode soon after being planted, rendering it useless as a weapon against enemy ships.

Do fish set off sea mines?

Dolphins have biological sonar that detects mines faster and better than sonar invented by humans. Although most mines still contain explosives, they pose little danger to dolphins. Mines detonate by sensing the magnetic presence (disturbance) of steel ships. Marine animals cannot trigger them.

Can sea mines be detected?

Since sea mines usually contain magnetic materials, a possible technique to detect them is to use a magnetic detector. Several kinds of magnetic detectors can be used to detect sea mines. Total field magnetometers measure the magnetic field magnitude; they can be used to detect dipole targets [10].

Can you disable a tank with a grenade?

Grenades were first used against armored vehicles during World War I, but it wasn't until World War II when more effective shaped charge anti-tank grenades were produced. AT grenades are unable to penetrate the armor of modern tanks, but may still damage lighter vehicles.

Are mines a war crime?

Placing minefields without marking and recording them for later removal is considered a war crime under Protocol II of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, which is itself an annex to the Geneva Conventions.

What is the most destroyed tank?

The Soviet-designed T-72 main battle tank (MBT) wasn't the most produced armored vehicle of the 20th century; that honor goes to the T-54/55. However, the Cold War-era T-72 has a more ominous distinction — namely that it's now likely the most destroyed modern tank in history.