Who discovered M13?

The English astronomer Edmond Halley, best known for recognizing the periodicity of the comet that bears his name, discovered M13 in 1714. When Charles Messier added M13 to his catalog in 1764, he was convinced that the nebulous object did not contain any stars at all.

Who discovered M13 phage?

The expression of exogenous peptides on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage was first described by Smith et. al. in 1985. Since this important discovery, M13 bacteriophage has been used widely as a vehicle for displaying various peptide ligands for use in biological investigations.

What is M13 origin?

The replication origins of viral and complementary strands of bacteriophage M13 DNA are contained within a 507-nucleotide intergenic region of the viral genome. Chimeric plasmids have been constructed by inserting restriction endonuclease fragments of the M13 intergenic region into the plasmid pBR322.

How big is the M13 virus?

M13 is a filamentous virus which infects bacteria (bacteriophage) and in particular, the Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains showing the F-pilus¹. It measures approximately 1 µm in length and 6 nm in width.

What type of virus is M13?

M13 is a filamentous bacteriophage which infects E. coli host. The M13 genome has the following characteristics: Circular single-stranded DNA.

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What is true about M13?

Explanation: M13 infectious particles are single stranded in nature. It is contained in a protein coat which is made up of products of gene III or gene VIII. The phage infects the bacterial cells by sex pilus and thus it infects only male cells.

How can the virus M13 change the world?

A team of scientists at the Berkeley Lab have genetically engineered M13 viruses to emit enough electricity to power a small LED screen. M13 poses no threat to humans — it can only infect bacteria — but it could one day serve humanity by powering your laptop, or even your city. Mario Kart Live But With Hot Wheels!

What is the largest human virus?

Discovery of the Giant Mimivirus. Mimivirus is the largest and most complex virus known.

What is the smallest virus ever?

AAV is the smallest DNA virus with an average size of 20 nm. AAV was discovered in 1965 as a defective contaminating virus in an adenovirus stock (Atchison et al., 1965).

What is the largest virus ever recorded?

Mimivirus is the largest virus ever discovered. Giant viruses had been known for a few years, many of them in a group termed nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs).

How big is the M13 bacteriophage?

M13 bacteriophage has a cylindrical shape with a length of 880nm and a diameter of 6nm.

What is M13 DNA?

M13 phage is a bacterial virus composed of a single-stranded DNA encapsulated by various major and minor coat proteins.

What is the purpose of M13?

The pUC/M13 Primers are used to sequence inserts cloned into the M13 vectors and pUC plasmids developed by Messing. The primers are purified by gel electrophoresis or HPLC and supplied in sterile water.

Where is M13 in the universe?

This glittering metropolis of stars is easily found in the winter sky in the constellation Hercules and can even be glimpsed with the unaided eye under dark skies. M13 is home to over 100,000 stars and located at a distance of 25,000 light-years.

What is the biggest phage in the world?

The very largest bacteriophage known, Bacillus megaterium phage G, has a head of 160 nm in diameter and a tail of 455 nm in length (Table 1).

Why is M13 phage important?

M13 plasmids are used for many recombinant DNA processes, and the virus has also been used for phage display, directed evolution, nanostructures and nanotechnology applications.

What virus no longer exist?

The last known natural case was in Somalia in 1977. In 1980 WHO declared smallpox eradicated – the only infectious disease to achieve this distinction.

What was the first virus on Earth?

Abstract. Two scientists contributed to the discovery of the first virus, Tobacco mosaic virus. Ivanoski reported in 1892 that extracts from infected leaves were still infectious after filtration through a Chamberland filter-candle.

What was the first virus ever?

Tobacco plants are damaged sometimes with mosaic-like patterns on the leaves. These patterns are caused by the tobacco mosaic virus, which at the end of the 19th century became the first virus ever discovered.

What is the virus that 90% of people have?

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus in which over 90% of the population worldwide has been infected. EBV infection can range from asymptomatic to infectious mononucleosis. Complications are rare, but important to recognize.

What is the deadliest infectious disease?

— Luiz Pedro Carvalho, Ph. D., is on a quest to find new medicines for treatment-resistant diseases, including tuberculosis, which is again the world's deadliest infectious disease, after briefly falling behind COVID-19.

When was the last big virus?

The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin.

Why does a virus want to mutate?

Viruses mutate to adapt to their surroundings and more effectively move from host to host. Mutations can cause viruses to better evade our immune systems, treatments and vaccines. A mutation can help the virus gain traits that better help it reproduce quickly or adhere better to the surface of human cells.

How much does M13 phage weigh?

This protein has a molecular weight of about 8,000 daltons. Its precise function in DNA synthesis is not yet known.

How does M13 infect E. coli?

Infection of Escherichia coli with the rod-shaped DNA bacteriophage M13 begins with an irreversible attachment of the phage to one of a very limited number of sites on the cell surface. The attachment rate is maximal in media of molar ionic strength of about 0.1.